GHK Basic
The Regenerative Copper-Free Tripeptide
What is GHK?
GHK, short for Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine, is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Often recognized in its copper-bound form (GHK-Cu), the “basic” version of GHK is the peptide without the copper ion. Though commonly overshadowed by its copper-bound counterpart, GHK alone exhibits powerful regenerative, gene-modulating, and anti-inflammatory effects on its own.
Originally isolated in the 1970s by Dr. Loren Pickart, GHK has been extensively studied for its ability to stimulate repair, modulate gene expression, and restore youthful function across multiple biological systems.
How Does GHK Work?
GHK binds to various proteins and receptors, influencing gene expression and modulating cellular signaling without necessarily relying on metal ions like copper. It helps restore the skin’s natural healing processes, supports tissue regeneration, and controls inflammation.
Mechanism of Action:
- Modulates expression of over 4,000 human genes
- Promotes RNA transcription and protein synthesis
- Reduces expression of inflammatory genes
- Enhances fibroblast proliferation and ECM (extracellular matrix) remodeling
Its effects are widespread and systemically relevant—even in the absence of bound copper.
Benefits of GHK (Without Copper)
While GHK-Cu has its own set of advantages, basic GHK is valuable in specific contexts where copper may interfere with formulation stability or is not desired due to metal sensitivity.
🌿 Skin & Wound Repair
- Increases collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis
- Enhances wound healing and tissue remodeling
- Reduces wrinkling and thinning of the skin
🧬 Gene Expression Modulation
- Reverses harmful gene patterns associated with aging
- Promotes pro-regenerative signaling
- Suppresses pro-inflammatory and cancer-associated genes
🧠 Anti-Inflammatory & Neurological Support
- Helps regulate cytokines and inflammatory mediators
- May support neuroregeneration and brain plasticity
🧪 Enhanced Bioavailability in Formulas
- Ideal for formulations where copper instability is a concern
- Suitable for combining with other metal-sensitive actives or ingredients
Suggested Dosage & Usage
While specific research protocols for GHK (without copper) are more limited than GHK-Cu, its applications are growing in both cosmetic and regenerative research fields.
Topical Application (Cosmetic Formulation):
- 0.05%–0.5% concentration in creams, serums, or gels
- Often paired with carriers like lecithin, liposomes, or hyaluronic acid
Injection (Research Use Only):
- 100mcg to 300mcg per day via subcutaneous injection
- Cycles typically last 2–4 weeks, depending on application goals
GHK vs GHK-Cu: Which Is Better?
| Feature | GHK (Basic) | GHK-Cu (Copper-bound) |
|---|---|---|
| Requires Copper | No | Yes (copper ion bound) |
| Collagen & Skin Repair | Strong | Stronger with enhanced wound effect |
| Gene Modulation | Broad | Similar, with added antioxidant effect |
| Ideal For | Sensitive formulations, no metal use | Broad regeneration, anti-aging skin |
| Use in Cosmetics | Easier formulation | May require stabilization |
Both forms have overlapping benefits. GHK basic may be better suited when copper is not compatible with other ingredients or for researchers focusing solely on peptide-only activity.
Safety Profile of GHK (Basic)
GHK is considered exceptionally safe. Since it is naturally produced in the body, it has an excellent biocompatibility profile with virtually no adverse reactions.
Safety Highlights:
- Non-toxic, non-immunogenic
- Does not increase oxidative stress
- No hormonal activity or systemic burden
Rare Observations:
- Mild skin irritation (topical use) in sensitive individuals
- Temporary redness at injection site (research use)
Reference:
- Pickart L., “The Human Tripeptide GHK and Tissue Remodeling.” J Biomater Sci Polym Ed., 1999. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10607964/
Ideal Combinations & Stack Options
GHK (basic) can be formulated with other actives that may not tolerate metal ions:
- Matrixyl 3000 – for wrinkle reduction synergy
- KPV peptide – for skin inflammation and barrier repair
- GHK-Cu (in alternating formulas) – to cycle metal-bound vs non-metal pathways
- Niacinamide – without risk of copper degradation
How to Store GHK
- Store lyophilized GHK in cool, dry conditions (2–8°C)
- Once reconstituted, refrigerate and use within 2–4 weeks
- Avoid light, excessive heat, and air exposure
Is GHK Right for Your Research?
If you’re formulating sensitive topicals, conducting neuroregenerative studies, or exploring gene expression tools without the confounding variable of metal ions, GHK (basic) is an excellent choice.
This peptide supports skin repair, inflammation modulation, and cellular function—all without the added influence of copper.
Final Thoughts
GHK may be small, but its power is anything but. Whether used alone or alongside copper-binding versions, basic GHK offers deep regenerative potential. With minimal risk and strong biological activity, it’s a molecular messenger worth exploring.
⚠️ FDA Disclaimer
This information is provided for research and educational purposes only. GHK has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Always consult a healthcare professional before conducting any research.
Lab of RAD peptides are sold strictly for laboratory research use only and not for human consumption.